بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم
Fiqh (Arabic: فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is often described as the human understanding and practices of the sharia, that is, human understanding of Islamic law as revealed in the Al-Quran and the Sunnah. Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (ijtihad) of the Al-Quran and Sunnah by Islamic jurists (ulama) and is implemented by the rulings (fatwa) of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas sharia is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, fiqh is fallible and changeable. Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam and a political system. There are four prominent schools (madhhab) of fiqh within the modern era within the Sunni practice.
Figuratively, fiqh means knowledge about Islamic legal rulings from their sources, and deriving religious directives from their sources necessitates the mujtahid (an individual who exercises ijtihad) to have a deep understanding of the different discussions of jurisprudence.
The studies of fiqh, are traditionally divided into Uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence, lit. the roots of fiqh, alternatively transliterated as Usool al-fiqh), the methods of legal interpretation and analysis; and Furūʿ al-fiqh (lit. the branches of fiqh), the elaboration of rulings based on these principles. Furūʿ al-fiqh is the product of the application of Uṣūl al-fiqh and the total outcome of human efforts at understanding the divine will. A hukm (plural aḥkām) is a particular ruling in a given case.